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For the town in England, see Reading, Berkshire. For the article on literacy, see Literacy. For other uses, see Reading (disambiguation).
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Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.[1][2][3][4]
For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.[5][6]
Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol or an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems.[7] The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (e.g., braille).[8]
There is a growing body of evidence which illustrates the importance of reading for pleasure for both educational purposes as well as personal development.[9]
A reading muse
Volunteer reads to a girl at the Casa Hogar de las Niñas in Mexico City.
Reading is generally an individual activity, done silently, although on occasion a person reads out loud for other listeners, or reads aloud for one's own use (e.g., for better